Questions:
1.How are fireworks capsules designed?
2What safety procedures do they include in the design?
3.What are the various compounds mentioned in this video? *What are their chemical formulas?
4.Which element is extremely important for fireworks to work properly? What is the fire triangle?
5.What two components do fireworks need in order to produce heat at a certain burning rate?
6.What type of reaction takes place in fireworks?
Answers:
1. They are designed by making a rain drop shaped shape out of cardboard. On the bottom there is a casing which is filled with black powder propellant. A fuse goes inside which triggers the explosion. On the top of the casing there is a section which also contains black powder but it has the bursting charge. Around that there is pea size chemical pellets which will produce different visual effects.
2. The design includes a trigger which is then lit and the firework is sent up in the sky from a distance. Also the design has many layers so that the content inside can be safe.
3. The compounds are potassium nitrate -KNO3-, potassium perchlorate -KClO4-, strontium chloride -SrCl2-, potassium perchlorate -KClO4-, strontium nitrate -SrNO3- and a few others.
4.+5. Oxygen because it makes the burning occur. Oxidizers and fuels are needed to make a firework which need to heat up. The oxidizers are strontium nitrate, potassium nitrate and potassium perchlorate. The fuels are aluminum powder, magnesium powder, sulfur and charcoal. To get a specific burning rate and heat temperature you need to change the fuels like an equation until it is balanced or the way you want it to be.
6. A chemical reaction takes place in a firework because if you want to make colour you need to have a burning mixture( which is provided by the oxidizer and fuel) and then you can add the different compounds to make the colour you desire.
Friday, November 12, 2010
Wednesday, November 10, 2010
Current Events 10.11.2010
Exposure of moms-to-be to hormone-mimicking chemical may affect kids years later
-Janet Raloff
Site: http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/59372/title/Exposure_of_moms-to-be_to_hormone-mimicking_chemical_may_affect_kids_years_later
Summary:
A new rodent study shows that bisphenol A (BPA), a mimicking chemical that comes from many plastics and food-can liners, can provoke changes during a pregnancy. Only the mother and male offspring are effected. The effect is that both can be a possible risk factor for gestational diabetes, type 2 diabetes and even cardiovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome, which may effect up to one-third of adults, consists of a constellation of prediabetic symptoms that can include elevated blood pressure, higher levels of harmful LDL cholesterol and increases in the length of time fats circulate in the blood. In mice this effected the pregnancy by making it later than scheduled and after the pregnancy the mice become 6 percent heavier than unexposed mice. This shows the metabolism was effected because they had higher levels of fat. Scientists can't figure out whether the BPA effects the offspring or the metabolic change. The main point is that they figured out what BPA does to the human body and if diabetes will effected the offspring.
One World:
This article connects to what we are studying about by information about chemical properties. This news effects scientific knowledge by teaching us how BPA effects a pregnancy and how that pregnancy is disturbed. If people can find a way to prevent it then off-springs and mothers can be saved! This news effects technology by giving an idea of how to make a machine or medicine to prevent BPA from taking over. It also continues to be the topic of how to stop diabetes. In addition to that, this news effects society by giving more awareness about pregnancies and how mothers should be careful of consuming BPA.
Analysis/ Evaluation:
This scientific was news about how BPA effects pregnancies. This article made sense because a lot of examples were given to support facts. Whilst reading I had only two questions: 1. What canned food should mothers not eat? 2. How can we stop BPA?
Reflection:
This scientific news taught me three major things for my future. Firstly, when I become pregnant I should not eat canned foods because my baby might get BPA. Secondly, you gain 6% when you are pregnant then when you are not. Thirdly, BPA can cause diabetes which can transfer to you and your baby. In conclusion this information was very useful for the future and I will remember it throughout life.
-Janet Raloff
Site: http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/59372/title/Exposure_of_moms-to-be_to_hormone-mimicking_chemical_may_affect_kids_years_later
Summary:
A new rodent study shows that bisphenol A (BPA), a mimicking chemical that comes from many plastics and food-can liners, can provoke changes during a pregnancy. Only the mother and male offspring are effected. The effect is that both can be a possible risk factor for gestational diabetes, type 2 diabetes and even cardiovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome, which may effect up to one-third of adults, consists of a constellation of prediabetic symptoms that can include elevated blood pressure, higher levels of harmful LDL cholesterol and increases in the length of time fats circulate in the blood. In mice this effected the pregnancy by making it later than scheduled and after the pregnancy the mice become 6 percent heavier than unexposed mice. This shows the metabolism was effected because they had higher levels of fat. Scientists can't figure out whether the BPA effects the offspring or the metabolic change. The main point is that they figured out what BPA does to the human body and if diabetes will effected the offspring.
One World:
This article connects to what we are studying about by information about chemical properties. This news effects scientific knowledge by teaching us how BPA effects a pregnancy and how that pregnancy is disturbed. If people can find a way to prevent it then off-springs and mothers can be saved! This news effects technology by giving an idea of how to make a machine or medicine to prevent BPA from taking over. It also continues to be the topic of how to stop diabetes. In addition to that, this news effects society by giving more awareness about pregnancies and how mothers should be careful of consuming BPA.
Analysis/ Evaluation:
This scientific was news about how BPA effects pregnancies. This article made sense because a lot of examples were given to support facts. Whilst reading I had only two questions: 1. What canned food should mothers not eat? 2. How can we stop BPA?
Reflection:
This scientific news taught me three major things for my future. Firstly, when I become pregnant I should not eat canned foods because my baby might get BPA. Secondly, you gain 6% when you are pregnant then when you are not. Thirdly, BPA can cause diabetes which can transfer to you and your baby. In conclusion this information was very useful for the future and I will remember it throughout life.
Wednesday, November 3, 2010
Current Events 3.11.2010
Artificially Controlling Cell Division
- Kathleen Too
Site: http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/Journals/cb/Volume/2010/12/artificially_controlling.asp
Summary:
U.S scientists have found out how to replicate the part of a cell named the mitotic spindle to better understand it's role in cell division. If the spindle doesn't work properly, the person carrying the cell could have Down's syndrome or possibly cancer. William Hancock and a few other scientists in Pennsylvania State University have recreated a step in mitosis using the artificial mitotic spindle. Mitosis is when two cells separate making two equal cells with a nucleus. The mitotic spindle controls the amount of chromosomes in the cell making it the "support and technical" group in the division of cells.
One World:
The article Artificially Controlling Cell Division, connects to what we are learning about by being news information about chemical biology. We are studying about chemical properties and how different chemical topics effect modern day. This news effects scientific knowledge by giving us a new look on how to prevent Down's syndrome and cancer. Many scientists get paid millions of dollars in order to find the cure to both these diseases. If this actually works then this could be a huge breakthrough! This news also effects technology by pushing the mechanics to the test to make special equipment in order to prevent serious diseases which could lead them to the jack pot. In addition to that, this new effects society by giving people the opportunity and hope of recovering from these diseases and a new look on prevention. It will also make some parts of society, like doctors, richer because they can make the price high to save people. The benefits are preventing these horrid diseases but the limitations are only some people can be cured and the method might not work.
Analysis/Evaluation:
The scientific information was a new method was being created to prevent Down's syndrome and cancer by making a replica of a mitotic spindle. This article made sense because pictures and quotes were included to back up the information. Whilst reading I had two inquiries. Firstly, how does the mitotic spindle be placed into the sick? Secondly, when will these machines and cures be issued?
Reflection:
From this article I learned three important things. Firstly, people can tap into the the division of cells. I thought that our scientists weren't that advanced at going into the detail of cell division. Secondly, that replicas of cell structures could be made. I thought mother nature couldn't be replaced but I guess I was wrong. Thirdly, the picture above shows how cell division can be taken a picture of. I didn't know cameras could take pictures of our cells. In conclusion, the reasons above are what I learned and to sum it all up, I didn't know scientists were so advanced in the cell world.
- Kathleen Too
Site: http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/Journals/cb/Volume/2010/12/artificially_controlling.asp
Summary:
U.S scientists have found out how to replicate the part of a cell named the mitotic spindle to better understand it's role in cell division. If the spindle doesn't work properly, the person carrying the cell could have Down's syndrome or possibly cancer. William Hancock and a few other scientists in Pennsylvania State University have recreated a step in mitosis using the artificial mitotic spindle. Mitosis is when two cells separate making two equal cells with a nucleus. The mitotic spindle controls the amount of chromosomes in the cell making it the "support and technical" group in the division of cells.
One World:
The article Artificially Controlling Cell Division, connects to what we are learning about by being news information about chemical biology. We are studying about chemical properties and how different chemical topics effect modern day. This news effects scientific knowledge by giving us a new look on how to prevent Down's syndrome and cancer. Many scientists get paid millions of dollars in order to find the cure to both these diseases. If this actually works then this could be a huge breakthrough! This news also effects technology by pushing the mechanics to the test to make special equipment in order to prevent serious diseases which could lead them to the jack pot. In addition to that, this new effects society by giving people the opportunity and hope of recovering from these diseases and a new look on prevention. It will also make some parts of society, like doctors, richer because they can make the price high to save people. The benefits are preventing these horrid diseases but the limitations are only some people can be cured and the method might not work.
Analysis/Evaluation:
The scientific information was a new method was being created to prevent Down's syndrome and cancer by making a replica of a mitotic spindle. This article made sense because pictures and quotes were included to back up the information. Whilst reading I had two inquiries. Firstly, how does the mitotic spindle be placed into the sick? Secondly, when will these machines and cures be issued?
Reflection:
From this article I learned three important things. Firstly, people can tap into the the division of cells. I thought that our scientists weren't that advanced at going into the detail of cell division. Secondly, that replicas of cell structures could be made. I thought mother nature couldn't be replaced but I guess I was wrong. Thirdly, the picture above shows how cell division can be taken a picture of. I didn't know cameras could take pictures of our cells. In conclusion, the reasons above are what I learned and to sum it all up, I didn't know scientists were so advanced in the cell world.
Thursday, October 7, 2010
Waste Water Spill
Who: People working at an aluminum plant didn't take safety precautions causing the reservoir to burst.
What: Human error caused a spill. The liquid is red with iron in it. It can cause skin burns and if the dust is inhaled it can cause lung cancer. It is also slightly radioactive. The government will try and clean it with water to neutralize the substance. Dams were built to prevent the spill reaching Romania. Predrag Maric quotes " the spill isn't dangerous but can still pollute our water supply".
When: 5th of October 2010
Where: In Western Hungary. It spread throughout Hungary.
Why: The spill occurred due to the reservoir bursting. Safety precautions weren't done so this is what happened when people are careless.
How: A chemical spill happened.The reservoir burst causing a flood and destroying everything in it's path. It reached the Danube and if it reaches Romania it will go to the Black Sea and from the Black Sea it will go to the Mediterranean Sea. From the Mediterranean Sea it will go the Indian Ocean. Hopefully there won't be that must water to flood the Indian Ocean.
Sites: http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fgw-danube-sludge-20101008,0,4752052.story
http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Danube_water_quality_controls_boosted_after_Hungary_spill_999.html
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/10/05/130351938/red-sludge-from-hungarian-aluminum-plant-spill-an-ecological-disaster?ft=3&f=1019,1025,1131
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE69415O20101005
What: Human error caused a spill. The liquid is red with iron in it. It can cause skin burns and if the dust is inhaled it can cause lung cancer. It is also slightly radioactive. The government will try and clean it with water to neutralize the substance. Dams were built to prevent the spill reaching Romania. Predrag Maric quotes " the spill isn't dangerous but can still pollute our water supply".
When: 5th of October 2010
Where: In Western Hungary. It spread throughout Hungary.
Why: The spill occurred due to the reservoir bursting. Safety precautions weren't done so this is what happened when people are careless.
How: A chemical spill happened.The reservoir burst causing a flood and destroying everything in it's path. It reached the Danube and if it reaches Romania it will go to the Black Sea and from the Black Sea it will go to the Mediterranean Sea. From the Mediterranean Sea it will go the Indian Ocean. Hopefully there won't be that must water to flood the Indian Ocean.
Sites: http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fgw-danube-sludge-20101008,0,4752052.story
http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Danube_water_quality_controls_boosted_after_Hungary_spill_999.html
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/10/05/130351938/red-sludge-from-hungarian-aluminum-plant-spill-an-ecological-disaster?ft=3&f=1019,1025,1131
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE69415O20101005
Tuesday, October 5, 2010
Current Events 5.10.2010
Obesity and the common cold
-Stephen Ornes
Site: http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/63992/title/FOR_KIDS_Obesity_and_the_common_cold
Summary:
Research shows that obese people ( people that have too much or extensive amounts of fat) are causing an epidemic. If a child is obese, they will most likely become obese adults. Obesity is caused by poor nutrition and lack of exercise. Another study has shown that if a child has/had adenovirus-36 they can become obese. A test was taken out of 57 children to see if they had antibodies to fight off this virus. Tests showed that only 19 had antibodies. This test proves that if children and adults maintain a healthy lifestyle they won't get this virus which would later lead them to not being obese.
One World:
The article Obesity and the common cold connects to what we are learning about by being current science news. It effects scientific knowledge by giving scientists a new look on antibodies and how the body mass effects the amount of anti bodies. It effects technology by making doctors make new machines to help people loose weight and antibodies. It also effects technology by making new drugs for the virus adenovirus-36. This article effects society by raising awareness about obesity and forcing people to maintain healthy lifestyles. The limitations are creating anti bodies for obese people. The benefits are people getting profit from drugs and people using their machines to get antibodies. Also there will be more healthier people.
Analysis/Evaluation:
The scientific information was searching to see if obese people have enough antibodies and if adenovirus-36 causes obesity. This article made sense because here were quotes and it was on a science site. I made one inquiry. Firstly, how can we stop adenovirus-36from making us obese?
Reflection:
From this article I learned three things. Firstly, that being obese as a child you can bring it with you into adulthood. I thought that you can stop it but not always. Secondly, that obesity is an epidemic. It sounds odd but many people get fat and this is quickly moving around the world. I thought only diseases can be epidemics. Thirdly, there is a virus that can make obesity. I thought only you can cause you obesity but since there is a virus people must stay extra safe and healthy to not catch it. In conclusion I found this article interesting and helpful. The ideas above are what I learned.
-Stephen Ornes
Site: http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/63992/title/FOR_KIDS_Obesity_and_the_common_cold
Summary:
Research shows that obese people ( people that have too much or extensive amounts of fat) are causing an epidemic. If a child is obese, they will most likely become obese adults. Obesity is caused by poor nutrition and lack of exercise. Another study has shown that if a child has/had adenovirus-36 they can become obese. A test was taken out of 57 children to see if they had antibodies to fight off this virus. Tests showed that only 19 had antibodies. This test proves that if children and adults maintain a healthy lifestyle they won't get this virus which would later lead them to not being obese.
One World:
The article Obesity and the common cold connects to what we are learning about by being current science news. It effects scientific knowledge by giving scientists a new look on antibodies and how the body mass effects the amount of anti bodies. It effects technology by making doctors make new machines to help people loose weight and antibodies. It also effects technology by making new drugs for the virus adenovirus-36. This article effects society by raising awareness about obesity and forcing people to maintain healthy lifestyles. The limitations are creating anti bodies for obese people. The benefits are people getting profit from drugs and people using their machines to get antibodies. Also there will be more healthier people.
Analysis/Evaluation:
The scientific information was searching to see if obese people have enough antibodies and if adenovirus-36 causes obesity. This article made sense because here were quotes and it was on a science site. I made one inquiry. Firstly, how can we stop adenovirus-36from making us obese?
Reflection:
From this article I learned three things. Firstly, that being obese as a child you can bring it with you into adulthood. I thought that you can stop it but not always. Secondly, that obesity is an epidemic. It sounds odd but many people get fat and this is quickly moving around the world. I thought only diseases can be epidemics. Thirdly, there is a virus that can make obesity. I thought only you can cause you obesity but since there is a virus people must stay extra safe and healthy to not catch it. In conclusion I found this article interesting and helpful. The ideas above are what I learned.
Monday, October 4, 2010
Atom Video
http://www.101science.com/Chemistry.htm#Chemicals_and_Interactions
This video was overall quite interesting and helpful in understanding the atom. I learned quite a few things:
- Electrons don't orbit the nucleus
-Atom(uncuttable)
-Reflective light is too big for an atom hence can't take pictures of them
-You can't know the location or momentum of an electron
-You can only know the probability of where it can be
-More likely to find it in the center but it can vary
-Function of where an electron is= orbital
-If protons, electrons and neutrons had velocity it would orbit
-# of protons= what element it is
-Atomic mass- protons=# of neutrons
-Isotope= same element with a different number of neutrons
-99.99% of something is free space
In conclusion I enjoyed learning from this video because the facts were repeated and stuck into your head.
This video was overall quite interesting and helpful in understanding the atom. I learned quite a few things:
- Electrons don't orbit the nucleus
-Atom(uncuttable)
-Reflective light is too big for an atom hence can't take pictures of them
-You can't know the location or momentum of an electron
-You can only know the probability of where it can be
-More likely to find it in the center but it can vary
-Function of where an electron is= orbital
-If protons, electrons and neutrons had velocity it would orbit
-# of protons= what element it is
-Atomic mass- protons=# of neutrons
-Isotope= same element with a different number of neutrons
-99.99% of something is free space
In conclusion I enjoyed learning from this video because the facts were repeated and stuck into your head.
Sunday, October 3, 2010
Green Plastics
From watching the video Green Plastics I have found out how normal and bio plastic effect the world. Plastics are being developed by making their production Eco-friendly. Bio plastic is made from natural resources which can be reused and recycled, the only problem is that it takes a lot of energy. Yes, bio plastic is recyclable unlike normal plastic but pesticides and gas is needed to maintain the production of bio plastic. Most people wouldn't recycle so it would be the same as normal plastic. What makes green plastics are natural resources being used and being recycled. Some issues with these plastics are as I mention before energy being used and harmful substances to keep the production of these plastics. In this video I saw three elements: oxygen, hydrogen and carbon. I saw about three compounds. It was these elements put together. The connection with this video,the article about water and Blue Gold is that showing the importance of keeping our environment clean because every possible way of pollution effects water, in this case pesticides and gases.
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